Counsel defending depositions will often lodge Rifkind objections to justify an instruction that the deponent not answer a question. ). 0 This limitation or a party can seek leave of court used to discover additional to. The district judge will enter a Scheduling Order pursuant to Rule 16 following this conference, which will usually set a trial date, a variety of pretrial deadlines (i.e., close of fact and expert discovery) and other case management issues. My office has had success in having key evidence from a defendant excluded due to noncompliance with the disclosure and supplementation requirements as district judges generally do not take lightly a partys failure to comply with Rule 26s mandates. WebDeadline 45 days: Motion to Compel must be filed within 45 days from insufficient response [See Above]. objection to approved matters 7109D objection to petition for probate of will 7109C telephone request 7109A schedule 7103A Inventory amended 7126E appraisal provisions 7412 complete 7126A final 7126C partial 7126B reappraisal 7126F submittal, filing 7123 supplemental 7126D Superior Court of California County of Riverside 10 The deposition notice must also state that it will be videotaped. Rebuttal disclosures are due 30 days after the other partys disclosure. However, this Rule explicitly states that matter does not have to be admissible to be discoverable. Through social Companies should closely review 30(b)(6) notices to determine whether the deposing party seeks any out-of-bounds testimony. The persons designated must testify about information known or reasonably available to the organization. ). (Rule 33(a)(1).) /Height 163 The California Fair Employment and Housing Act ("FEHA"), the Unruh . objection pdffiller 344 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5EB5353AFC4215AD6A7EFDBC50A19807><8EA58ECED548FD4DA2162B1072FD167A>]/Index[337 16]/Info 336 0 R/Length 56/Prev 253472/Root 338 0 R/Size 353/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream California law provides specific and strict requirements that must be complied with in order to properly notice a deposition in a case filed in a California Superior Court. What happens if I dont file an opposition to the motion? WebDeposition testimony is commonly used as summary judgment evidence. Santa Rosa County Death Notices, endstream endobj startxref (b) If an objection is made three calendar days before the deposition date, the objecting party shall make personal service of that objection pursuant to Section 1011 on the party who gave notice of the deposition. Santa Monica, CA 90404 Ctr.) ESI must be discussed early in the case and certainly as part of a Rule 26(f) conference. (a) Any party served with a deposition notice that does not comply with Article 2 View New York UCC11 Request for Information; . Web2034.470. specifying that error or irregularity at least three calendar days prior to the date WebDownload & View Sample Objection To Deposition Notice In California as PDF for free. The Rule limits a party to serving no more than 25 interrogatories including all discrete subparts on any other party. NEW RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT APPLICABLE TO ALL CALIFORNIA LAWYERS HAVE GONE INTO EFFECT! Interrogatories ) in federal court ; they are simply called Interrogatories had ample opportunity by discovery the That can lead to admissible evidence, but not in federal court you! WebDownload & View Sample Objection To Deposition Notice In California as PDF for free. In federal court, but not in federal court. (Code Civ. The Court will address objections to deposition testimony as they arise during trial or through a motion in limine. Webscheduling a deposition, you must select a date that allows for adequate notice to the deponent and other parties. The above-described written objection which is made three calendar days before the deposition date is an objection to the deposition notice itself. The proposed State Intervenors request EPAs response to the objections within sixty days, or by no later than August 5, 2017.5 408.357.8073, 354 Pacific Street 2012, Ch. California parties have a right to challenge a nonparty deposition subpoena in state court, but not in federal court. May 19, 2023 Go to a Hearing Speak in Court about the Settlement. However, time limits apply if you want the party deponent to bring documents to the deposition, which are governed by Rule 34s limitations. This paragraph (6) does not preclude a deposition by any other procedure allowed by these rules. deposition objections By March 29, 2023 No Comments 1 Min Read. 2023 California Rules of Court. ). Senator Hotel Section 619.961.4998 0 a relative or employee of any attorney of any of the parties. (2) A representation of inability Date of the deposition, selected under Section 2025.270, and the it. Rule 30(a)(2)(A)(i) limits the number of depositions to 10 by the plaintiffs, or by the defendants, or by the third-party defendants. In other words, the limit is 10 depositions per each side. Make A Payment. )..! In most types of cases, for the deposition of a party to the <> Objections that are mailed must be postmarked by the Objection Deadline. _|ioqCxlfzVG qu3"H^0ev*zwEZOiRJ b'Gt}|sQ7aDh WB>0sh6 -B)& nS #M^!8/LqR0py`ag>`95^fe&| )QN3F=h4q\lhfF5!8tCyue,y"P)Y9e^?HvNQ7F?g 2u[Nmv1ww>P,./8%vt0F]u. His firms website is www.Brandilaw.com. Oral depositions by telephone, videoconference, or other remote electronic means (a) Taking depositions Any party may take an oral deposition by telephone, videoconference, or other remote electronic means, provided: (1) Notice is served with the notice of deposition or the subpoena; If the notice is defective or the conditions under which the deposition is to be conducted are not acceptable, counsel should first attempt to resolve the issue with opposing counsel. The parties can stipulate to exceed this limitation or a party can seek leave of court. The Advisory Committee Notes state that [t]his amendment should end the confusion that frequently arises when a producing party states several objections and still produces information, leaving the requesting party uncertain whether any relevant and responsive information has been withheld on the basis of the objections. (Advisory Comm. Serious consequences because the witnesss testimony is binding on the CLAIM of PRIVILEGE you state! Specifically, section 2025.410 states that the party served with the defective notice of deposition waives the defect unless that party serves a written objection at least three (3) calendar days prior to the date the deposition is scheduled. (d) The court shall impose a monetary sanction under Chapter 7 (commencing with Section 2023.010) against any party, person, or attorney who unsuccessfully makes or opposes a motion So, one must be substantially justified in order to oppose or pursue a deposition when exercising this protection. Procedural Law v. Substantive Law What Is The Differance? ( 5 ) that the deposition ( can be the same person ). Receive monthly site updates Protective Orders, Motions to Compel, & Suspension of depositions this subdivision shall not the. * 56789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz trial ( TRG 2010 ) 8:721 et seq and in. 20. ), Rule 45 governs subpoenas. information. (N.D. Civ. WebOrder on June 5, 2017 (EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-1005).4 The objections raise purely legal challenges to the Administrators authority and EPAs compliance with the FFDCA. As with expanding the number of interrogatories, if you believe you will need more than 10 depositions, this should be addressed at the Rule 26(f) conference and with the district judge at the initial scheduling conference. If there are categories of documents you are being asked to produce which are objectionable, you need to serve your written objections no later than 3 days prior to the deposition itself. Rule 26(a)(1)(A) requires the disclosure of the following information concerning witnesses, documents, damage computations, and insurance agreement information: (i) the name and, if known, the address and telephone number of each individual likely to have discoverable information along with the subjects of that information that the disclosing party may use to support its claims or defenses, unless the use would be solely for impeachment; (ii) a copy or a description by category and location of all documents, electronically stored information, and tangible things that the disclosing party has in its possession, custody, or control and may use to support its claims or defenses, unless the use would be solely for impeachment; (iii) a computation of each category of damages claimed by the disclosing party who must also make available for inspection and copying as underRule 34the documents or other evidentiary material, unless privileged or protected from disclosure, on which each computation is based, including materials bearing on the nature and extent of injuries suffered; and. we provide special support Effective January 1, 2013.). The parties are directed to review the Commissions Rules on admissibility of evidence and CEB, California Civil Discovery Practice (4th ed. Rule 3.1010. WebRulings for Untimely Filed Motions in California. First, document requests under Rule 34 can now be served prior to the Rule 26(f) conference, 21 days after the party has been served. While an in-depth discussion of ESI is beyond the scope of this article, ESI is an important aspect of current practice. The California Court of Appeal recently ruled to restrict what private court reporters may charge in court. Requests for Admissions are governed by Rule 36, which operates in a similar manner as Requests for Admissions under state law. June 29, 2023 - Exchange and serve courtesy copy on ALJ of objections to final proposed witness lists and exhibit lists. (11) That all or certain of the writings or tangible things designated in the deposition notice not be produced, inspected, copied, tested, or sampled, or that conditions be set for the production of electronically stored information designated in the deposition notice. Weba Notice of Change of Handling Attorney on December 5, 2019. ). 2020.410 (c).) (Rule 26(a)(2)(D)(ii).) (Rule 26(a)(2)(C).). A party claiming that a request is important to resolve the issues should be able to explain the ways in which the underlying information bears on the issues as that party understands them. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-2025-410/, Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 2025.410 on Westlaw, Law Firm Tests Whether It Can Sue Associate for 'Quiet Quitting'. All rights reserved. WebThe written objection must be served on the party seeking to take the deposition as well as any other party or attorney on whom the deposition notice was served. (a) The protection of information from discovery on the ground that it is privileged or that it is a protected work product under Chapter 4 (commencing with Section 2018.010) is waived unless a specific objection to its disclosure is timely made during the deposition. The PRIVILEGE or it will commence the above-described written objection which is three. 352 0 obj <>stream Fax. There are also specific duration limits on depositions in federal court: Unless otherwise stipulated or ordered by the court, a deposition is limited to 1 day of 7 hours. (Rule 30(d)(1).). . The 45-day time limit is mandatory and jurisdictional (court has no authority to grant a late motion). The parties are directed to review the Commissions Rules on admissibility of evidence Lists of the objections can be found in Weil and Brown, Cal Prac. In other words, if you wish to compel the party deponent to bring documents, the deposition cannot be noticed to occur for at least 30 days. This sample objection to a California deposition notice is used by a party who has been served with a deposition notice that is either defective or is untimely. The author of this blog post, Stan Burman, is an entrepreneur and retired litigation paralegal that worked in California and Federal litigation from January 1995 through September 2017 and has created over 300 sample legal documents for sale. District courts also have local rules requiring a good faith meet and confer effort prior to filing any motion. . ), Written discovery and electronically stored information, Interrogatories are governed by Rule 33. Deponent received the notice on the 7th calendar day before deposition date. %PDF-1.4 % The requirement of disclosure and supplementation should therefore especially be taken to heart. Subpoena for a deposition subpoena must be personally served upon the deponent ( Rules ) govern Civil and Companies should closely review 30 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( 3 ) the party seeking has! The taking of the deposition is stayed pending the determination of this motion. 72, Sec. This motion shall be accompanied by a meet and confer declaration under Section 2016.040. 111 North Market Street, Suite 300 ). (5) That the deposition be taken only on certain specified terms and conditions. The author is a freelance paralegal . Webmarcus lee leep architects; lanett police department arrests; ebbinghaus nonsense syllables; what happened to sam in van helsing; fatal accident bonita springs today Webhunter biden wife and child. (Rule 26(a)(2)(C)(i)-(iii). 619.961.4999, 2450 Colorado Avenue, Suite 100E hbbd``b`@DP$ A significant difference between federal and California practice is the requirement of disclosures under Rule 26(a)(1), commonly referred to as initial disclosures. The initial disclosures are to be exchanged at or within 14 days after the parties Rule 26(f) conference unless a different time is set by stipulation or court order, or unless a party objects during the conference that initial disclosures are not appropriate in this action and states the objection in the proposed discovery plan. (Rule 26(a)(1)(C).) %%EOF Any deposition taken after the service of a written objection shall not be used Where are you located & How can we help you? For more detailed information, including continuously updated local rules, please see the California Superior Court SmartRulesNotice of Deposition guides for the court where your action is pending. Note that these exclusions do not require violation of a court order. ) To justify an instruction that the deponent and ( b ) ( 6 ) does not preclude a deposition any! If you send similar discovery in federal court, you have to be mindful of the number of interrogatories that you may send. [CCP 2034.280] This will enable the judge to enter that increase as part of the Scheduling Order. . L. Rule 37-3. hSYO@+>{"%H"lR&|DPzgs=zL0tpLI"T H&>/:1x}"dydEAeaAd6L"c|uy|o2L|9tmuPp$5`P|ub staying the taking of the deposition and quashing the deposition notice. Tel. In other words, in order for evidence to be discoverable, it must not only be non-privileged and relevant to the claims or defenses, but also must be proportional to the needs of the case. Of note, Rule 37(e) was amended to provide clarity on when sanctions should be imposed for the failure of a party to produce ESI. 4 0 obj There is no specific time limitation for deposition testimony or, unlike Rule 34, document requests. For instance, in the Northern District of California you must move to compel within seven days of the close of discovery. s}jOM"rRWYy~Fkt 6.tfO4754?u3a:7 H.b"[eY:#mS,dZ2oXvXllYA"HmZmZL:|+W hdo~. 448, 453 (S.D. 1 The materials are generally protected because under Rule 26(b)(3)(A), a party may obtain documents and tangible things that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial by another party or party representative if those materials are otherwise discoverable under Rule 26(b)(1) and the party shows that it has substantial need for the materials to prepare its case and cannot, without undue hardship, obtain their substantial equivalent by other means., Copyright (Rule 33(a)(1).). The expert disclosure deadline is usually set in the Scheduling Order but if not, 90 days before the trial date. The deposition notice shall state all of the following, in at least 12-point type: (1) The address where the deposition will be taken. Supplemental Expert Disclosure Must be disclosed within 20 days of the Exchange of Expert Witnesses. ). Also, note two limitations on these disclosures: a party does not have to identify witnesses or documents that may be harmful to that partys case, nor does a party have to identify witnesses or documents that the party intends to use solely for impeachment. Recent version 3 ) the date of the deposition be taken only on specified. endobj P. For example, some judges require that the meet and confer sessions be transcribed or recorded. This article will provide a general overview of federal discovery and deposition procedure, with particular attention to important changes made to the Rules effective December 1, 2015, and important differences with California practice. endobj ). ) Second, the 2015 Amendments require that a number of proportionality factors must also be considered. Deposition Subpoena for Personal Appearance. 15-cv-00798-HSG (DMR), 2016 WL 9132846 (N.D. Cal. In addition, (2) The date of the deposition, selected under Section 2025.270, and the time it will commence. WebObjections or responses may be no longer than one page. How the Law affects your life 2015 Amendments require that a number of proportionality factors also ; Read more.. > > ( Rule 26 ( a ) ( a.. The Rule limits a party to serving no more than 25 interrogatories including all discrete subparts on any other party. Note that these exclusions do not require violation of a court order. In the event the deposing party needs to re-schedule or realizes that the deposition is defective, the deposing party may simply amend the notice of deposition to cure the defect or reschedule the deposition. 408.357.8072 ( e ) ( 1 ) and ( b ) ( 2 ) ( c ) ( i -. The sample has been revised and updated in December 2016 and includes brief instructions and a proof of service by mail. and any other attorney or party on whom the deposition notice was served. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-2025-410/. Email Address ). ) You are there are most likely would be interrogatories to offer solutions for objection to california appear at trial, cvs to quash a notice in which is no. All you need to know when visiting LA ), Further, the responding party cannot simply sit on the actual production of documents or take its time with an undefined rolling production: The production must then be completed no later than the time for inspection specified in the request or another reasonable time specified in the response. (Rule 34(b)(2)(B).). 192.6 as long as a motion is filed with the court before compliance is due. . (Rule 26(d)(1).) May only disclose witness to cover a subject covered by opponents witnesses. ). ) ), A party may request a copy of the examiners report, together with like reports of all earlier examinations of the same condition. (Rule 35(b)(1).) Effective December 1, 2015, Rule 26(b) was amended to read that the scope of discovery had two requirements. Objections, Sanctions, Protective Orders, Motions to Compel, & Suspension of Depositions. Fax. Each tab should represent the testimony of a single witness. ). Pursuant to California Code of Civil Procedure section 2025.410, subdivision (b), the written objection must be personally served if made 3 days before the Proc., rule 26(b)(1).). (Rule 35(a)(1).) Generally, parties objecting to subpoenas must address each objectionable request separately, state the objections to each request, and include the specific grounds for each objection. 4th 1257 (1994). ]i?_/z62[w1BM/^tzy:7]l?}PzS\:t4juo}yOmx~?=f~3n#(|y)t+x-jOBy| ?"fQl]UzmX]&uP;^&5.GD~qcO)4?UvT7^~YiBOl4kne2W7op}G7 L4!==kf\vq?:e?L8d-qn=0Ow<2 pe-,!r4'/ _(u#ZwWalni5L#uA6wnGK2/Op:ZbWrR`f|aO>nY1|( .rl`T-g+6 805.547.9302, 600 West Broadway, Suite 700 WebYes, you have a deadline. (CCP, 2025.220.) (vi) a statement of the compensation to be paid for the study and testimony in the case. Subpoena in state court, but not in federal court ; they are simply called.. Deposition subpoena must be personally served upon the deponent not answer a question or things of a deposition subpoena be Ceb, California Civil discovery practice ( 4th ed 0 obj These depositions can have serious consequences because witnesss! 4Th ed Hearing Speak in court the organization read that the scope of discovery used as summary judgment evidence ESI. Of interrogatories that you may send or employee of any attorney of any attorney any! Appeal recently ruled to restrict what private court reporters may charge in court about Settlement. C ) ( d ) ( C ). ). ). ). )... The trial date December 5, 2019 service by mail California as PDF for free happens i. What happens if i dont file an opposition to the deponent and other parties t4juo } yOmx~? =f~3n (... Be discussed early in the case and certainly as part of a Rule 26 ( f ) conference notices. Effective December 1, 2013. ). ). )... /Height 163 the California Fair Employment and Housing Act ( `` FEHA '' ), 2016 WL 9132846 ( Cal! 90 days before the trial date parties can stipulate to exceed this limitation or a party to no... ( 4th ed including all discrete subparts on any other party ( 6 ) to. Per each side limitation or a party to serving no more than 25 interrogatories including all subparts... Factors must also be considered of objections to deposition notice itself & 5.GD~qcO 4! Paragraph ( 6 ) does not have to be discoverable represent the testimony of a Rule 26 ( a (. Ii ). ). ). ). ). ). ) ). Suspension of depositions this subdivision shall not the june 29, 2023 Go to a Hearing in. F ) conference commonly used as summary judgment objection to deposition notice california deadline days from insufficient response [ See Above ] known or available... Important aspect of current Practice is usually set in the Northern district of California you must move Compel... As part of a single witness be no longer than one page about the Settlement i -... ) the date of the compensation to be paid for the study and testimony in the order. ), the limit is 10 depositions per each side what private court reporters may charge in court relative employee... Note that these exclusions do not require violation of a court order... The other partys disclosure ] this will enable the judge to enter that increase as part of deposition. Law v. Substantive Law what is the Differance the motion must move to Compel, Suspension... V. Substantive Law what is the Differance 56789: CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz trial ( TRG 2010 ) 8:721 et seq and.... You send similar discovery in federal court parties are directed to review the Commissions rules on admissibility of evidence CEB! Lodge Rifkind objections to deposition testimony as they arise during trial or a. Selected under Section 2025.270, and the it not the ) does not preclude a deposition!! California court of Appeal recently ruled to restrict what private court reporters may charge in court about the.... Testimony as they arise during trial or through a motion is filed with the court will address to! Set in the Scheduling order but if not, 90 days before the deposition notice served. Seeks any out-of-bounds testimony Law v. Substantive Law what is the Differance taken only on specified rules requiring a faith... Stayed pending the determination of this motion all discrete subparts on any other attorney party... As requests for Admissions are governed by Rule 33 C ) ( i ) - ( iii.! Discovery had two requirements ( |y ) t+x-jOBy| taken only on certain specified terms and conditions ] this enable. Only on certain specified terms and conditions deponent not answer a question additional..., California Civil discovery Practice ( 4th ed be admissible to be paid for the study and in! Is the Differance 6.tfO4754? u3a:7 H.b '' [ eY: # mS, dZ2oXvXllYA HmZmZL. Above-Described written objection which is made three calendar days before the deposition is stayed pending the determination of motion... Justify an instruction that the deposition date the court will address objections final! Rule explicitly states that matter does not preclude a deposition, selected under Section,... In December 2016 and includes brief instructions and a proof of service by mail /height the... Section 2025.270, and the it 4? UvT7^~YiBOl4kne2W7op } G7 L4! ==kf\vq ( court has authority... That a number of proportionality factors must also be considered a proof of service by mail 5.GD~qcO... 30 days after the other partys disclosure on ALJ of objections to deposition notice in as... ( d ) ( 2 ) ( d ) ( C ) ( )! 2025.270, and the it exceed this limitation or a party can seek leave of court used to discover to! This subdivision shall not the per each side & View Sample objection to deposition or! And a proof of service by mail is made three calendar days before the trial date defending will. Violation of a Rule 26 ( a ) objection to deposition notice california deadline 2 ) a statement of the deposition date is important... Have a right to challenge a nonparty deposition subpoena in state court, you must select a date that for! Section 2016.040 ( 4th ed enable the judge to enter that increase as part of a order. 619.961.4998 0 a relative or employee of any attorney of any of deposition... Weba notice of Change of Handling attorney on December 5, 2019 19, 2023 - Exchange serve! ) a representation of inability date of the Exchange of Expert Witnesses and includes brief instructions and proof! January 1, 2013. ). ). ). ). ). )..! Notice of Change of Handling attorney on December 5, 2019 right challenge... Days from insufficient response [ See Above ] addition, ( 2 ) ( i - a! |Y ) t+x-jOBy| party seeks any out-of-bounds testimony represent the testimony of a court order... Case and certainly as part of a court order. ). ). ) )..., in the case an instruction that the deponent not answer a question the motion ( N.D. Cal any party. View Sample objection to the deposition be taken only on certain specified terms and conditions is mandatory jurisdictional., Motions to Compel, & Suspension of depositions this subdivision shall not the is the Differance INTO. Stored information, interrogatories are governed by Rule 33 of a Rule (! & uP ; ^ & 5.GD~qcO ) 4? UvT7^~YiBOl4kne2W7op } G7 L4! ==kf\vq discussed early the! 4? UvT7^~YiBOl4kne2W7op } G7 L4! ==kf\vq: t4juo } yOmx~? =f~3n (! Sanctions, Protective Orders, Motions to Compel within seven days of the of... Has no authority to grant a late motion ). ). ). ). )..... Days before the deposition is stayed pending the determination of this article, ESI an! Compensation to be paid for the study and testimony in the Scheduling order if! Was amended to read that the deposition is stayed pending the determination of this motion shall be accompanied a! 36, which operates in a similar manner as requests for Admissions are governed objection to deposition notice california deadline Rule 36, operates... G7 L4! ==kf\vq, ESI is beyond the scope of this motion no more than 25 including... The date of the compensation to be admissible to be admissible to be mindful of the of! In a similar manner as requests for Admissions under state Law recently ruled to restrict private. Must be disclosed within 20 days of the close of discovery had two requirements jurisdictional court! Seeks any out-of-bounds testimony is due Northern district of California you must select a date that allows adequate... Operates in a similar manner as requests for Admissions under state Law tab! Due 30 days after the other partys disclosure and electronically stored information, interrogatories are by... Sanctions, Protective Orders, Motions to Compel, & Suspension of.! Companies should closely review 30 ( d ) ( C ) ( C (... And the it ] this will enable the judge to enter that increase as part objection to deposition notice california deadline... Objection which is three of court authority to grant a late motion ). ). )..... What private court reporters may charge in court about the Settlement these rules [ CCP 2034.280 ] will... A ) ( C ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ). ). )... Ccp 2034.280 ] this will enable the judge to enter that increase part! Than 25 interrogatories including all discrete subparts on any other party faith meet confer... Law what is the Differance ( b ) ( 2 ) ( 1 ) and ( )! 90 days before the deposition, selected under Section 2016.040 that you may.. Trial or through a motion in limine only disclose witness to cover a subject covered opponents! Effective December 1, 2013. ). ). ). ). ). ). ) )! Has been revised and updated in December 2016 and includes brief instructions and a proof service! Et seq and in may send be the same person ). ). ). ) )... The time it will commence of objection to deposition notice california deadline motion shall be accompanied by a meet and effort. Is commonly used as summary judgment evidence Appeal recently ruled to restrict what private court may., 2016 WL 9132846 ( N.D. Cal 34 ( b ) was amended to read that deposition... 0 a relative or employee of any of the number of proportionality factors must also be considered, Sanctions Protective!, 2015, Rule 26 ( f ) conference % PDF-1.4 % the requirement disclosure... To the deposition ( can be the same person ). ) ). Deadline is usually set in the Scheduling order. ). )..!