Web. Web. When the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, the organization dispersed but continued to oppose what its leaders considered corrupt Islamic regimes and foreign (i.e., U.S.) presence in Islamic lands. Based on other taskings from IJO personnel, which were conveyed during periodic in-person meetings when Kourani returned to Lebanon, Kourani conducted operations that included searching for weapons suppliers in the U.S. who could provide firearms to support IJO operations, identifying individuals affiliated with the Israeli Defense Force, gathering information regarding operations and security at airports in the U.S. and elsewhere, and surveilling U.S. military and law enforcement facilities in Manhattan and Brooklyn. by Lindsay Maizland Web. [11] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. Web. WebJihad (/ d h d /; Arabic: , romanized: jihd [dihad]) is an Arabic word which literally means "striving" or "struggling", especially with a praiseworthy aim. Web. The KGB promptly retaliated with intimidation and by pressuring Syria to stop its operations in northern Lebanon in exchange for release of the remaining three hostages. Web. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [5] Based at Baalbek in the Beqaa valley, the group aligned 200 Lebanese Shi'ite militants financed by Iran and trained by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards' contingent previously sent by Ayatollah Khomeini to fight the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon. [18] In order to receive funding from bin Laden, Zawahiri reoriented the EIJ away from seeking to establish an Islamic State in Egypt and towards Al-Qaedas global brand of jihadism that aimed at destroying the United States. The PIJ is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks on Israeli targets. Zawahiri also maintained a close relationship with Osama bin Laden since meeting him while fighting with the Mujahideen in Afghanistan in the late 1980s. 
Much smaller than Hamas, PIJ members sanctify the land because of its historical significance to Islam and are fully committed to the groups platform of destroying the state of Israel through violent means. In 2010, State Department officials described Hizballah as the most technically capable terrorist group in the world, and a continued security threat to the U.S. Todays charges of two for their work on behalf of Hezbollah is a tribute to the collaborative work of the agents and detectives of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.. EIJ claimed responsibility for foiled assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[27] and journalist Lawrence Wright[28] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. Wright has compared Islamic Jihad to the Black September wing of the Palestinian Fatah,[11] serving the function of providing its controlling organization, in this case Hezbollah, with some distance and plausible deniability from acts that might provoke retaliation or other problems. Islamic dates and holidays are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation. In 2001, pursuant to Executive Order 13224, the U.S. Department of State designated Hizballah a Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity. [21], After being expelled from Sudan in 1996, bin Laden and Zawahiri travelled back to Afghanistan. [3] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Kourani was arrested in the Bronx for providing, attempting, and conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah; a related weapons offense that is alleged to have involved, among other weapons, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and machine guns; violating and conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA); and naturalization fraud to facilitate an act of international terrorism. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. [9] Not all of IJ's claims of responsibility were credible, as "in some cases, the callers seemed to be exploiting the activities of groups that had no apparent ties to Islamic Jihad," while working with some success to create "an aura of a single omnipotent force in the region."[10]. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), often known as al-Jihad or the Jihad group, was a Jihadi, Salafi militant organization founded in Egypt in 1979 by Muhammad 'Abd al-Salam Farraj. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Such grassroots independent groupscoalesced locally around a common agenda but subscribing to the al-Qaeda name and its broader ideologythus meant a diffuse form of militancy, and one far more difficult to confront. Get Adobe Reader. Within weeks the U.S. government responded by attacking Taliban and al-Qaeda forces in Afghanistan. As a result of this reliance, the EIJ was forced to shift its focus from overthrowing the Egyptian government towards AQs global vision of Jihad. Their deadliest attacks were in 1983, when they carried out the bombing of the barracks of French and U.S. MNF peacekeeping troops, and that of the United States embassy in Beirut. 
Kourani, who was born in Lebanon, attended Hizballah-sponsored weapons training in Lebanon in 2000 when he was approximately 16 years old. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see, Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance by Hala Jaber, p.113, Marius Deeb, Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis, and Ideology, Occasional Paper Series (Washington, DC, Georgetown University, 1986) p.19, Walker, Jane. [6] After merging the EIJ into AQ in 1998, Zawahiri became bin Ladens second in command, and is often considered to be the operational mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. 20 August 2015. As a result, the groups initial aim was to overthrow the Egyptian government and establish an Islamic state in its place. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. Disclaimer:This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. [2] Fletcher, Molly. Islamic Jihad has carried out scores of deadly attacks over the years and Israel and other countries consider it a terrorist organization. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al. Despite claiming in his passport application that he had no travel plans, Kourani traveled to Guangzhou, China the location of Guangzhou Company-1 on May 3, 2009. [10] Fletcher, Molly. WebOn Friday, the IDF launched Operation Breaking Dawn to preempt attacks by Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), a U.S.- designated Foreign Terrorist Organization since 1997. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was killed by U.S. military forces after U.S. intelligence located him residing in a secure compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, 31 miles (50 km) from Islamabad. [12] Wright, Lawrence. [3] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. [10], Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar (unknown-1998): Naggar was believed to be one of the leaders of the EIJs European cell. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped [1] As one observer noted, the EIJ became a free-floating network without any real ties to its original society or to its surrounding society."[2]. [25] Gebara, Khalil. Web. [6], Initially the group was described as "a mysterious group about which virtually nothing was known,"[7] one whose "only members" seemed to be the "anonymous callers" taking credit for the bombings, or one that simply didn't exist. Not only was the EIJ given safe haven in Sudan throughout the early half of the 1990s, but the it also worked closely with the Sudanese intelligence service carrying out operations and sharing information.[2]. At the same time, al-Qaeda increasingly utilized the Internet as an expansive venue for communication and recruitment and as a mouthpiece for video messages, broadcasts, and propaganda. 129. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Web. 20 August 2015., Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. The Looming Tower. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. The rocket attacks were carried out by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an Iran-funded terrorist group which enjoys the protection of Hamas in Gaza. The exact timing of the EIJs move to Sudan and the precise motivation behind it are unclear. 20 August 2015. The Looming Tower. Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar. Although Zumar succeeded Farraj as the leader of the EIJ, Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in jail. Note: Documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, Privacy Policy |
30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi in February that year. [52][53] In 2008 Mughniyeh was killed by a car bomb in Damascus, Syria as a part of a CIA and Mossad combined operation.[54][55][56][57][58]. This listing includes the 65-plus terrorist groups designated by the US State Department as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), as well as an additional The Sudanese government quickly discovered what had happened and handed over the boys to the EIJ on the condition that the boys would not be harmed. [3] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. Web. [25], Partially as a result of these setbacks, Zawahiri chose to merge the EIJ into Al Qaeda in 1998. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. 2006. 20 August 2015. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. Kourani was presented on Friday, June 2, before Magistrate Judge Barbara Moses in Manhattan federal court. 20 August 2015. The current diplomatic constellation presents Africa with plenty of options; the region must choose well. [8] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. Web. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Egyptian-Islamic-Jihad, Federation of American Scientist - al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Council on Foreign Relations - Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Web. 20 August 2015. His role remains somewhat unclear vis a vis that of Aymenn al-Zawahiri. New York, NY: Vintage Books. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 10 Oct. 2015. Over the past several years, Hezbollah IJO activities have been on the rise. While there is no universally accepted transliteration of Arabic names and terms, this edition of the Counterterrorism Calendar adheres to a transliteration system that is generally used throughout the US Government. Although the EIJ is thought to have commanded a moderate amount of support among Egyptian Islamists in the early 1980s, after its move to Afghanistan in 1986, most of the groups ties to its original community in Egypt were severed. [26] Most recently, the EIJs name has been evoked in relation to a new political party that emerged in Egypt following the 2011, which is allegedly comprised of former EIJ members. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. The PIJ advocates the destruction of Israel through violent means; it approaches the Arab-Israeli conflict as an ideological war, not a territorial dispute. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. IJU was formed when it broke away from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. The Looming Tower. [1] Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Web. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. The EIJ originated in Egypt as a splinter group of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [12] Gebara, Khalil. [6] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. [20] Fletcher, Molly. On June 16, 2011, al-Qaeda released a statement announcing that Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Ladens long-serving deputy, had been appointed to replace bin Laden as the organizations leader. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Terrorist Designations and State Sponsors of Terrorism, section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. Attempted assassination of Kuwaiti ruler (Emir) Sheikh, 10 February 1986. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Web. EIJ coalesced out of a variety of smaller militant groups in the late 1970s under the leadership of Muhammad Abd al-Salam Faraj. Disclaimer: this is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it.... Eij ) the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan ( IMU ) Egyptian Islamic Jihad ( )... Point, Date unknown PIJ is also accused of attempting to hinder the efforts of Egyptian. Helmi: Feats of Circumstance, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services Egyptian... Helmi: Feats of Circumstance Cancer, Interactive Web a close relationship with Osama Laden. The leader of the 1993 Oslo Accords by launching several terrorist attacks on Israeli targets somewhat unclear vis vis... Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism EIJs move to Sudan and Foundations! 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Much smaller than Hamas, PIJ members sanctify the land because of its historical significance to Islam and are fully committed to the groups platform of destroying the state of Israel through violent means. In 2010, State Department officials described Hizballah as the most technically capable terrorist group in the world, and a continued security threat to the U.S. Todays charges of two for their work on behalf of Hezbollah is a tribute to the collaborative work of the agents and detectives of the Joint Terrorism Task Force.. EIJ claimed responsibility for foiled assassination attempts on Interior Minister Hassan al-Alfi in August 1993 and Prime Minister Atef Sedky in November 1993. More recently authors such as researcher Robert A. Pape[27] and journalist Lawrence Wright[28] have made no mention of Islamic Jihad and simply name Hezbollah as the author of Lebanese terror attacks claimed or attributed to Islamic Jihad. Wright has compared Islamic Jihad to the Black September wing of the Palestinian Fatah,[11] serving the function of providing its controlling organization, in this case Hezbollah, with some distance and plausible deniability from acts that might provoke retaliation or other problems. Islamic dates and holidays are approximate, as they are determined by local lunar observation. In 2001, pursuant to Executive Order 13224, the U.S. Department of State designated Hizballah a Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity. [21], After being expelled from Sudan in 1996, bin Laden and Zawahiri travelled back to Afghanistan. [3] Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. Kourani was arrested in the Bronx for providing, attempting, and conspiring to provide material support to Hizballah; receiving and conspiring to receive military-type training from Hizballah; a related weapons offense that is alleged to have involved, among other weapons, a rocket-propelled grenade launcher and machine guns; violating and conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA); and naturalization fraud to facilitate an act of international terrorism. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. The End of Egyptian Islamic Jihad? The Jamestown Foundation, Terrorism Monitor 3(3), 9 February 2005. [9] Not all of IJ's claims of responsibility were credible, as "in some cases, the callers seemed to be exploiting the activities of groups that had no apparent ties to Islamic Jihad," while working with some success to create "an aura of a single omnipotent force in the region."[10]. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), often known as al-Jihad or the Jihad group, was a Jihadi, Salafi militant organization founded in Egypt in 1979 by Muhammad 'Abd al-Salam Farraj. In the 1980s many members of EIJ left Egypt to participate in the Afghan guerrilla war against the occupation that followed the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Such grassroots independent groupscoalesced locally around a common agenda but subscribing to the al-Qaeda name and its broader ideologythus meant a diffuse form of militancy, and one far more difficult to confront. Get Adobe Reader. Within weeks the U.S. government responded by attacking Taliban and al-Qaeda forces in Afghanistan. As a result of this reliance, the EIJ was forced to shift its focus from overthrowing the Egyptian government towards AQs global vision of Jihad. Their deadliest attacks were in 1983, when they carried out the bombing of the barracks of French and U.S. MNF peacekeeping troops, and that of the United States embassy in Beirut. Kourani, who was born in Lebanon, attended Hizballah-sponsored weapons training in Lebanon in 2000 when he was approximately 16 years old. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see, Hezbollah: Born with a vengeance by Hala Jaber, p.113, Marius Deeb, Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis, and Ideology, Occasional Paper Series (Washington, DC, Georgetown University, 1986) p.19, Walker, Jane. [6] After merging the EIJ into AQ in 1998, Zawahiri became bin Ladens second in command, and is often considered to be the operational mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Web. 26 Aug. 2014. 20 August 2015. As a result, the groups initial aim was to overthrow the Egyptian government and establish an Islamic state in its place. From Secularism to Jihad: Sayyid Qutb and the Foundations of Radical Islamism. Disclaimer:This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates. [2] Fletcher, Molly. Islamic Jihad has carried out scores of deadly attacks over the years and Israel and other countries consider it a terrorist organization. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited in Gander Crash", Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (Pasdaran), 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires, List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, "Hezbollah's most wanted commander killed in Syria bomb", " .. ", "Islamic Jihad Organization (Lebanon) / Islamic Jihad (IJO)", "Tehran's master terrorist, Imad Mughniyah and the forgotten road to 9/11 part I of II", "Karrubi: Iran knows Islamic Jihad only through media", "Anne Dammarell et al. Despite claiming in his passport application that he had no travel plans, Kourani traveled to Guangzhou, China the location of Guangzhou Company-1 on May 3, 2009. [10] Fletcher, Molly. WebOn Friday, the IDF launched Operation Breaking Dawn to preempt attacks by Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), a U.S.- designated Foreign Terrorist Organization since 1997. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was killed by U.S. military forces after U.S. intelligence located him residing in a secure compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, 31 miles (50 km) from Islamabad. [12] Wright, Lawrence. [3] Statement of Reasons: Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). Parliament of Australia, 27 March 2007. [10], Ahmed Ibrahim al-Naggar (unknown-1998): Naggar was believed to be one of the leaders of the EIJs European cell. Islamic Jihad, for example, claims to have kidnapped [1] As one observer noted, the EIJ became a free-floating network without any real ties to its original society or to its surrounding society."[2]. [25] Gebara, Khalil. Web. [6], Initially the group was described as "a mysterious group about which virtually nothing was known,"[7] one whose "only members" seemed to be the "anonymous callers" taking credit for the bombings, or one that simply didn't exist. Not only was the EIJ given safe haven in Sudan throughout the early half of the 1990s, but the it also worked closely with the Sudanese intelligence service carrying out operations and sharing information.[2]. At the same time, al-Qaeda increasingly utilized the Internet as an expansive venue for communication and recruitment and as a mouthpiece for video messages, broadcasts, and propaganda. 129. Under their harsh rule, they have cracked down on womens rights and neglected basic services. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Web. 20 August 2015., Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. [2] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. The Looming Tower. 26 Aug. 2014; Gebara, Khalil. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Encyclopedia of the Middle East, 2007. The rocket attacks were carried out by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, an Iran-funded terrorist group which enjoys the protection of Hamas in Gaza. The exact timing of the EIJs move to Sudan and the precise motivation behind it are unclear. 20 August 2015. The Looming Tower. Because 12 lunar months multiplied by 29.53 days equals 354.36 days, the Islamic calendar will always be approximately 11 days shorter than the Western (Gregorian) calendar. Although Zumar succeeded Farraj as the leader of the EIJ, Sharif and Zawahiri acquired a large following within the group while in jail. Note: Documents in Portable Document Format (PDF) require Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher to view, Privacy Policy |
30 Sept. 2015; Brief Biography of Ayman al-Zawahiri. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, Date unknown. For other groups called "Islamic Jihad", see. The last recorded attack claimed by the IJO as an independent group took place outside the Middle East in March 1992, when the Israeli Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was blown up in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Hezbollah's secretary-general Abbas al-Musawi in February that year. [52][53] In 2008 Mughniyeh was killed by a car bomb in Damascus, Syria as a part of a CIA and Mossad combined operation.[54][55][56][57][58]. This listing includes the 65-plus terrorist groups designated by the US State Department as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), as well as an additional The Sudanese government quickly discovered what had happened and handed over the boys to the EIJ on the condition that the boys would not be harmed. [3] Journalist Robin Wright has described it as "more of an information network for a variety of cells of movements", rather than a centralized organization. Web. [25], Partially as a result of these setbacks, Zawahiri chose to merge the EIJ into Al Qaeda in 1998. 26 Aug. 2014; Fletcher, Molly. 2006. 20 August 2015. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. Kourani was presented on Friday, June 2, before Magistrate Judge Barbara Moses in Manhattan federal court. 20 August 2015. The current diplomatic constellation presents Africa with plenty of options; the region must choose well. [8] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. Web. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Egyptian-Islamic-Jihad, Federation of American Scientist - al-Jihad Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Council on Foreign Relations - Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Web. 20 August 2015. His role remains somewhat unclear vis a vis that of Aymenn al-Zawahiri. New York, NY: Vintage Books. [3] Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ). START: Terrorist Organization Profiles, Date unknown. 10 Oct. 2015. Over the past several years, Hezbollah IJO activities have been on the rise. While there is no universally accepted transliteration of Arabic names and terms, this edition of the Counterterrorism Calendar adheres to a transliteration system that is generally used throughout the US Government. Although the EIJ is thought to have commanded a moderate amount of support among Egyptian Islamists in the early 1980s, after its move to Afghanistan in 1986, most of the groups ties to its original community in Egypt were severed. [26] Most recently, the EIJs name has been evoked in relation to a new political party that emerged in Egypt following the 2011, which is allegedly comprised of former EIJ members. Under Sharifs leadership, the group grew more extreme, and began emphasizing the concept of takfir, the belief that all those who are not Sunni Muslims are infidels. The PIJ advocates the destruction of Israel through violent means; it approaches the Arab-Israeli conflict as an ideological war, not a territorial dispute. Brian Winter, vice president of policy at Americas Society and Council of the Americas and editor-in-chief of, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. He later claimed to the FBI that the purpose of the trip was to meet with medical device manufacturers and other businessmen. IJU was formed when it broke away from the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. The Looming Tower. [1] Taher Helmi: Feats of Circumstance. Al Ahram Weekly, 23 March 2005. 20 August 2015; Al-Jihad al-Islami. Monterey Institute of International Studies, February 2008. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Web. At this time, the Sudanese government also began to pressure bin Laden to leave the country, which he appears to have done in May 1996. The EIJ originated in Egypt as a splinter group of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Council of Foreign Relations, 30 May 2008. [12] Gebara, Khalil. [6] Ayman al-Zawahiri. GlobalSecurity.org, Date unknown. [20] Fletcher, Molly. On June 16, 2011, al-Qaeda released a statement announcing that Ayman al-Zawahiri, bin Ladens long-serving deputy, had been appointed to replace bin Laden as the organizations leader. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Terrorist Designations and State Sponsors of Terrorism, section 212 (a)(3)(B) of the INA (8 U.S.C. Attempted assassination of Kuwaiti ruler (Emir) Sheikh, 10 February 1986. 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